How / Updated Nov 2026
How we get there, and why we believe it
Our target is about 5 billion tokens per second from one 100-tonne Starship launch, on a 7B-class language model. That's roughly the work of 100,000 H100 GPUs. Here is why we think it's achievable, and what still has to be proven.
Read the paper: The Panel Is the Computer → (Paper v1 · November 2026)
The short version
No new physics. No new factories. Every part of the plan uses physics that is well understood and manufacturing that runs in high volume today. Building it is hard engineering work, but nothing in it is waiting on an invention.
Four reasons the numbers work
1. In orbit, power is the free resource.
Above the atmosphere, sunlight delivers about 1,361 watts per square metre. In the right orbit, it shines nearly all the time. On the ground, AI is limited by how much grid power a site can get. In orbit, the limit is how much panel you launch, and silicon solar cells are among the most mass-produced things on Earth: the world makes hundreds of gigawatts of them a year. One launch needs a tiny fraction of that.
2. Moving data costs more energy than the math.
Most of the energy in an AI answer goes into moving numbers between memory and the processor, not into the arithmetic. The shorter that trip, the less energy each token costs. We design the whole system around keeping data close to where it's used. The physical floor on energy per operation sits about 100,000 times below where chips work today, so the gains we're after come from good engineering, not from beating a physical limit.
3. The panel cools itself.
A panel in space sheds heat from both faces. When the compute is spread across the same area that collects the sunlight, the panel settles at a moderate temperature, about 60 °C, well inside what ordinary chips are rated for. There are no pumps, no coolant loops and no separate radiators.
4. It's built on mature chip processes.
Our chips use established manufacturing processes, the kind that have been in volume production for over a decade. They don't need the newest, scarcest factories (EUV lithography), photonics or new materials. The chips for one launch are a fraction of one month's output from a single large factory. The packaging steps our later generations need are already in high-volume production in other industries.
The path: three generations
- V1 proves the system: real models, real accuracy, real power, built from parts anyone can buy. It already matches the world's leading AI chip per watt, running on sunlight.
- V2 removes what an off-the-shelf chip carries but doesn't need. A general-purpose part is built for many jobs. A chip built for this one job does it with far less energy.
- V3 rethinks the panel itself. Every step between sunlight and answer costs energy and weight. V3 is designed to remove most of them.
Even if we're wrong by 100×
Our first generation, built from today's off-the-shelf parts, already works out to tens of millions of tokens per second per launch on paper. If every V2 and V3 gain fell through, a launch of Vela panels would still be a large AI data center that needs no grid, no water and no land.
What still has to be proven
We'd rather say this plainly:
- Custom-chip efficiency on real language models. Datasheet figures overstate what chips deliver. We count only what we measure.
- Building the third-generation panel at high yield. Each manufacturing step exists in volume today; combining them at panel scale hasn't been done yet.
- Solar cell output over years in orbit, at operating temperature. We plan with conservative, published space-agency figures.
- Launch at full rated payload. Our figures are per 100-tonne launch, Starship's rated capacity. Flights so far have carried less.
- Ground links and customers at this scale.
Each item has a test or a study behind it.
Measured vs. target
V1 figures and our bench results are measured. V2 and V3 figures are design targets. Not yet built or flown.
Want the engineering? We share architecture, test data and the full physics and manufacturing case with researchers, partners and investors under NDA. Email us →
Project Vela. Infinite Sunshine. Effortless Intelligence.